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Most recent publications:Wolff, M. K., Research Foundations for Blood Glucose Prediction - Methodologies and Software Tools for Real-Time Deployment, Benchmarking, and Model Evaluation., ISBN 978-82-326-8992-7, in: Doctoral theses at NTNU (ISSN 1503-8181), 2025:198, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, May 2025. Wolff, M. K., Schaathun, H. G., Gros, S., Volden, R., Steinert, M., and Fougner, A. L., Blood Glucose Prediction Algorithms Require Clinically Relevant Performance Criteria Beyond Accuracy, Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, in press. Randine, P., Wolff, M. K., Pocs, M., Connell, I. R. O., Cafazzo, J. A., and Årsand, E., Unlocking Real-Time Data Access in Diabetes Management: Toward an Interoperability Model, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, in press. Wolff, M. K., Royston, S., Fougner, A. L., Schaathun, H. G., Steinert, M., and Volden, R., A Perspective on Harmonizing Diabetes Management Datasets, Data in Brief, Vol. 59, No. 111399, Apr 2025. Wolff, M. K., Royston, S., Fougner, A. L., Schaathun, H. G., Steinert, M., and Volden, R., GluPredKit: Development and User Evaluation of a Standardization Software for Blood Glucose Prediction, Norwegian ICT Conference for Research and Education (NIKT 2024), Bergen, Norway, 25–27 Nov 2024. Wolff, M. K., Royston, S., and Volden, R., GluPredKit: A Python Package for Blood Glucose Prediction and Evaluation, Journal of Open Source Software, Vol. 9, no. 101, p. 6904, Sep 2024. Engell, S. E., Benam, K. D., Bengtsson, H., Jørgensen, J. B., and Fougner, A. L., Optimal Experimental Design for System Identification in a Bi-Hormonal Intraperitoneal Artificial Pancreas, 2024 European Control Conference (ECC), Stockholm, Sweden, 25–28 June 2024. Wolff, M. K., Steinert, M., Fougner, A. L., Oh, D., Årsand, E., and Volden, R., Real-Time Blood Glucose Prediction Reveals a Discrepancy Between Performance Metrics and Real-World Evaluations, IEEE International Conference on Real-Time Computing and Robotics (RCAR), Ålesund, Norway, 24–28 June 2024. Åm, M. K., Teigen, I. A., Riaz, M., Fougner, A. L., Christiansen, S. C., and Carlsen, S. M., The Artificial Pancreas: Two Alternative Approaches to Achieve a Fully Closed Loop System with Optimal Glucose Control, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 513–521, Mar 2024. More publications:— List of APT's publications 2014–present. — List of older publications and patents by APT members. — A list of all scientific publications from the APT group can be found in Cristin. |
The Artificial Pancreas Trondheim (APT) research group was established in 2013 at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. APT is a cross-disciplinary group of researchers with high competence in the fields of control engineering, biomedical engineering, biosensors, applied clinical research, endocrinology, anesthesia and intensive care medicine, pharmacology, biotechnology, mathematical modelling, biochemistry and chemometrics, as well as collaboration with relevant biosensor industry. The long-term aim of APT’s research is to develop a robust closed-loop glucose control system for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and for intensive-care patients, and to commercialize an artificial pancreas based on these results. Read the Strategic statement of the Artificial Pancreas Trondheim (APT) research group. Includes vision and objectives. News:
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At present the group holds the following participants:Steering group: |
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Professor Sven M. Carlsen, professor in clinical research at Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine at NTNU, and Consultant in endocrinology at St. Olavs Hospital. Thirty years of experience in the treatment of diabetes and has been involved in studies of glucose homeostasis in pregnancy. Prof. Carlsen is head of the APT research group. |
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Dr Reinold Ellingsen, former Senior Advisor at Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU. He also is a co-founder and board member of GlucoSet AS, a Trondheim based private company established in 2011 on the basis of a patented fiber optic intravascular glucose sensor, previously the Invivosense technology platform. Dr Ellingsen has been part of the steering group of APT since the beginning and although he is now retired, he continues to contribute to our team. |
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Professor Dag Roar Hjelme, Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU. He has more than 25 years of experience from research and development of optical fiber sensor technology. From 2000 to 2010 he was CTO in OptoMed AS and InvivoSense AS working on in vivo application of optical fiber sensor technology. He was supervisor for Sven Tierney and Nils Kristian Skjærvold during their PhDs on glucose sensor development and in vivo sensor testing. He is also a co-founder of GlucoSet AS. |
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Professor Øyvind Stavdahl, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU. He has 6 years of experience in contract research, innovation and research management from SINTEF, is the co-founder and former general manager of a startup company, co-founder and former head of the Human Motor Control (HMC) research network in Trondheim. Stavdahl has a long history of participation in mainly medical-technical transdisciplinary research. |
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Associate Professor Anders Lyngvi Fougner, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU. MSc and PhD in Engineering Cybernetics, with specialization in medical cybernetics, myoelectric prosthesis control systems. Previously employed as a postdoc in Artificial Pancreas Trondheim during 2014–2017 with focus on modelling and system identification. Fougner is also coordinator of the APT group. |
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Dr Sverre Christian Christiansen, Associate Professor at Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, and Consultant in endocrinology at St. Olavs Hospital. Has worked with APT since November 2014. Has a PhD in epidemiology of venous thromboembolism from Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands. |
Participants: |
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Professor Astrid Aksnes, Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU. She has fifteen years of experience from SINTEF and NTNU in research and development of optical sensor technology. Since year 2000 she has been member of an EU Expert panel for evaluation and review of project proposals and reports for the EU framework programmes. |
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Professor Sebastien Gros, Head of Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics, has his main research interest within model predictive control (MPC) and reinforcement learning. He is involved in APT's work on applying MPC/optimization in glucose control. |
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Dr Laura Lema Pérez is a postdoc at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics since August 2021 and works on various types of signal processing and mathematical modeling related to APT. |
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Dr Ilze Dirnena-Fusini is in a part time position as researcher at the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU. She received her MSc degree in Natural Science at University of Latvia in 2012. She completed her studies at Paul Stradins Health and Social Care College, where she received education in internal medicine and attained the diploma of Biomedical Laboratory Assistant. She worked as a PhD candidate for APT from February 2016 until Spring 2021. Her PhD thesis is entitled Intraperitoneal insulin administration – superior choice for an artificial pancreas? and the public defense was in Oct 2021. She was supervised by Sverre Christiansen, Sven Magnus Carlsen and Anders Lyngvi Fougner. |
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Hasti Khoshamadi is a PhD candidate at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics and with APT since March 2019. Received her MSc degree in Electrical Engineering (Control) from K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, November 2018. Her focus is on mathematical modeling and system identification. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner and Øyvind Stavdahl. |
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Karim Davari Benam received his MSc degree in Electrical engineering Applied to Control systems from Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran polytechnic), Iran, January 2019. He was a PhD candidate with APT from January 2020 to May 2023. His PhD thesis is entitled Design and Implementation of the Dual-Hormone Artificial Pancreas in Animal Studies – A Model Predictive Control Approach with Intraperitoneal Hormone Injections and the public defense was 12 Dec 2023. He was supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner and Sebastien Gros. By December 2023 he works in ABB in Oslo, Norway, but he is also employed in a 20% researcher position in APT. |
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Misbah Riaz received her Doctor of Medicine degree from Pakistan in 2016. She later did her MSc in Biomedicine from UiT, Norway. She had been working as a Researcher with Medical Imaging Research group at UiT before starting her PhD with APT research group in March 2021. She is primarily investigating properties of body tissue in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. Supervised by Sverre Christiansen. |
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Miriam Kopperstad Wolff pursued her term project and MSc thesis at Troll Labs (in Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering) during Fall 2020 and Spring 2021. Her thesis was entitled "Comparison of Various Insulin Pumps with Respect to Accuracy of the Insulin Delivery." From February 2022 to December 2024, she was a PhD candidate at Department of ICT and Natural Sciences at the NTNU campus in Ålesund, in collaboration with APT. The title of her PhD thesis is "Research Foundations for Blood Glucose Prediction - Methodologies and Software Tools for Real-Time Deployment, Benchmarking, and Model Evaluation." and had a public defense at 14 May 2025. Supervised by Rune Volden, Martin Steinert, Hans Georg Schaathun and Anders Fougner. By May 2025 she works in Replica Health, NYC, US, as well as in a part time position in our group. |
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Patrick Bösch, BSc in Systems Engineering with a specialization in Biomedical Engineering. He graduated from the Zürich University of Applied Science (ZHAW) in Winterthur, Switzerland in 2015. Prior to that he did an apprenticeship as an electrician in Switzerland. Patrick worked with APT for 8 weeks in summer 2015 during an IAESTE internship. Since February 2016 he works for APT as a Staff engineer in the function of a Development Engineer. He is primarily focused on design and prototyping of novel instrumentation based on optical spectroscopy and other relevant sensing modalities for the measurement of glucose in peritoneal fluid, as well as the associated insulin infusion mechanism and related components and systems. He is also a part-time MSc student in Cybernetics and Robotics. |
Former employees of APT: |
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Associated: |
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Professor Terje Rølvåg, Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NTNU. He holds a MSc and a PhD within finite element dynamics of elastic mechanisms from NTH. His working experience includes Sintef Production Engineering, Sintef Materials Technology, Fedem Technology AS, ColiCot and TRAC, the latter in combination with an adjunct professorship at Department of Engineering Design and Materials (IPM), NTNU. Since 2003 he has been a full time professor within the Engineering Design group at IPM. Rølvåg has 30 years of experience in Product Development with a focus on Computer Aided Engineering. His role is to develop and optimize AP concepts with respect to design and functionality for experimental and commercial use. |
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Professor Stig William Omholt, Faculty of Medicine at NTNU, has a long experience in mathematical modeling, systems biology and experimental biology, and in leading multidisciplinary projects involving the concerted operation of experimental and theoretical elements. |
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Professor Olav Spigset, M.D., PhD is Senior Consultant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olavs Hospital and Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, NTNU. He has extensive research experience in clinical pharmacology with focus on pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics and drug safety, and has published more than 250 scientific articles. Among other tasks, he is Editor of a Norwegian textbook in pharmacology, has created a national internet-based drug interaction database (www.interaksjoner.no) and is head of the Editorial board of the Norwegian medicines handbook (Norsk legemiddelhåndbok). |
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Professor Mary Ann Lundteigen, Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics, has her main research interest within functional and failure analysis, functional safety, reliability analysis, safe design principles with main application area with safety-instrumented systems. Has been involved in risk analysis also with Artificial Pancreas Trondheim. |
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Adjunct Professor Harald Aa. Martens, holds a siv.ing. (M.Sc) in biochemistry and dr.techn. in chemometrics. He has 40 years of experience in multivariate datamodelling, in particular for calibration of multichannel instruments to eliminate unexpected interference problems in e.g. biospectroscopy, for interdisciplinary, statistically valid data analysis linking “hard” and “soft” data, and for metamodelling to facilitate high-dimensional nonlinear dynamic models, in particular of complex human and animal physiology. He has published more than 200 papers and several books on these topics. He is currently affiliated with the Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU. |
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Dr Nils Kristian Skjærvold, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, and Postdoctoral research fellow at Dept. of Circulation and Medical Imaging at NTNU. Skjærvold has clinical experience in all aspects of anesthesia and intensive care medicine as well as in experimental studies in large animals. PhD (Nov 2012) entitled “Automated blood glucose control – development and testing of an artificial endocrine pancreas using a novel intravascular glucose monitor and a new approach to insulin pharmacology”. Since January 2015 he is a postdoctoral research fellow on a topic related to APT (Personalized care of critically-ill patients with time-series analysis of oscillating physiology). Currently funded by Samarbeidsorganet (the Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority and NTNU). Member of the Human monitoring and modelling (HUM) team at NTNU. |
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Professor Petter Aadahl, professor in anestesiology at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU. Consultant and former Research Director at St. Olavs Hospital. Long standing interest in glucose monitoring in intensive care units (ICU). Supervisor for Nils Kristian Skjærvold during his PhD on a new glucose sensor. |
Students, Spring 2025: |
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Maja Grauff Erntsen pursues her MSc thesis at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics during Spring 2025. Her thesis is related to sound based meal onset detection in diabetes. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner. |
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Aurelia Christiane Berit Massacand pursues her MSc thesis at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics during Spring 2025. Her thesis is related to ECG based meal onset detection in diabetes. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner. |
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Fredrik Johan Stokke Mo pursues his MSc thesis at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics during Spring 2025. His thesis is related to model predictive control. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner and Karim Davari Benam. |
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Adrian Langvik pursues his MSc thesis at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics during Spring 2025. His thesis is related to adaptive control. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner and Karim Davari Benam. |
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Karin Tryland Laheld pursues her MSc thesis at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics during Spring 2025. Her thesis is related to GlucoSet intensive care monitoring. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner and Nicolas Elvemo. |
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Mohamed Sadou Barry pursues his term project at Dept. of Engineering Cybernetics during Spring 2025. His term project is related to blood glucose prediction. Supervised by Anders Lyngvi Fougner and Miriam Kopperstad Wolff. |
Former employees and students of APT: |
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Address: Dept. of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres gate 10, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
E-mail: sven.carlsen
ntnu.no
Phone: +47 72571109